Brief descriptions of each psychological disorder

Here are brief descriptions of each psychological disorder mentioned:

Anxiety Disorders

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Chronic, excessive worry about various aspects of life, such as work, health, or finances, often without a specific cause.
2. Panic Disorder: Recurrent unexpected panic attacks characterized by sudden periods of intense fear or discomfort.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia): Intense fear of social situations where one might be judged or scrutinized by others.
4. Specific Phobias: Irrational fear of particular objects or situations, such as heights, animals, or flying.
5. Agoraphobia: Fear and avoidance of places or situations where escape might be intricate or unavailable during a panic attack.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder: Excessive fear or anxiety about being separated from attachment figures, typically beyond the appropriate age.

Mood Disorders

1. Major Depressive Disorder: Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, affecting daily functioning.
2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): Chronic, low-grade depression lasting for at least two years.
3. Bipolar I Disorder: Periods of severe mood episodes from mania to depression.
4. Bipolar II Disorder: Milder episodes of hypomania alternating with periods of severe depression.
5. Cyclothymic Disorder: Chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance involving numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms.

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety.
2. Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Obsessive focus on perceived flaws or defects in physical appearance, often leading to significant distress and impairment.
3. Hoarding Disorder: Difficulty discarding possessions, leading to cluttered living areas and significant distress or impairment.
4. Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder): Recurrent, compulsive hair pulling, resulting in noticeable hair loss.
5. Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder: Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions and significant distress or impairment.

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

1. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Persistent mental and emotional distress following exposure to a traumatic event, characterized by flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety.
2. Acute Stress Disorder: Similar to PTSD, but occurs immediately after the traumatic event and lasts from three days to one month.
3. Adjustment Disorders: Emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors occurring within three months of the stressor’s onset.
4. Reactive Attachment Disorder: In children, markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors.
5. Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder is a pattern of behavior in children involving culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with relative strangers.

Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders

1. Somatic Symptom Disorder: Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to distressing physical symptoms or significant disruption.
2. Illness Anxiety Disorder: Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness, with minimal or no somatic symptoms.
3. Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder): Neurological symptoms incompatible with medical explanations, often arising from psychological stress.
4. Factitious Disorder: Falsification of physical or psychological symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with deception.

Eating Disorders

1. Anorexia Nervosa: Intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to extreme food restriction and weight loss.
2. Bulimia Nervosa: Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors like vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise.
3. Binge-Eating Disorder: Recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food with a sense of loss of control, without compensatory behaviors.

Sleep-Wake Disorders

1. Insomnia Disorder: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, resulting in significant distress or impairment.
2. Hypersomnolence Disorder: Excessive sleepiness despite adequate or prolonged sleep, causing distress or impairment.
3. Narcolepsy: Irresistible need to sleep, often resulting in sudden sleep attacks during the day.
4. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea: Repeated episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and daytime fatigue.
5. Central Sleep Apnea: Repeated episodes of interrupted breathing during sleep due to a lack of respiratory effort.
6. Sleep-Related Hypoventilation: Decreased breathing during sleep, leading to elevated carbon dioxide levels.
7. Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: Misalignment between the individual’s sleep-wake cycle and the environmental sleep-wake schedule.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

1. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
2. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.
3. Specific Learning Disorders: Difficulties in learning and using academic skills, significantly below the individual’s chronological age.
4. Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Development Disorder) is a condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that begin during the developmental period.
5. Communication Disorders: Difficulties in speech, language, and communication, including speech sound disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering), and social (pragmatic) communication disorder.
6. Motor Disorders: Includes developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders like Tourette’s syndrome.

Personality Disorders

1. Borderline Personality Disorder: A pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, along with marked impulsivity.
2. Antisocial Personality Disorder: A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
3. Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
4. Histrionic Personality Disorder: A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking.
5. Avoidant Personality Disorder: A pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
6. Dependent Personality Disorder: A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior.
7. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: A pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.
8. Schizoid Personality Disorder: A pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression.
9. Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behaviors.
10. Paranoid Personality Disorder: A pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent.

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

1. Schizophrenia: A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and diminished emotional expression.
2. Schizoaffective Disorder: A combination of schizophrenia symptoms and mood disorder symptoms (depression or mania).
3. Brief Psychotic Disorder: A short-term display of psychotic behavior, such as delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech, lasting less than a month.
4. Delusional Disorder: Persistent delusions without other significant psychotic symptoms.
5. Schizophreniform Disorder: Symptoms of schizophrenia lasting more than one month but less than six months.

Dissociative Disorders

1. Dissociative Identity Disorder: The presence of two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession.
2. Dissociative Amnesia: An inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature.
3. Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder: Persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization (feeling detached from oneself) or derealization (experiencing the world as unreal).

Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders

1. Oppositional Defiant Disorder: A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness.
2. Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses.
3. Conduct Disorder: A pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others and significant societal norms.
4. Pyromania: Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion.
5. Kleptomania: Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects not needed for personal use or monetary value.

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

1. Alcohol Use Disorder: A problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to significant impairment or distress.
2. Cannabis Use Disorder: A problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to significant impairment or distress.
3. Opioid Use Disorder: A problematic pattern of opioid use leading to significant impairment or distress.
4. Stimulant Use Disorder: A problematic pattern of stimulant use leading to significant impairment or distress.
5. Tobacco Use Disorder: A problematic pattern of tobacco use leading to significant impairment or distress.
6. Gambling Disorder: Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to significant impairment or distress.

Neurocognitive Disorders

1. Delirium: A disturbance in attention and awareness, often developing over a short period and fluctuating in severity.
2. Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders: Cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains (e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease).

These brief descriptions provide an overview of various psychological disorders, each with its symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment approaches.